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Director, Florida Institute of Oceanography, St. Petersburg. Below is a list of how weve ranked the worlds most extensive oceans and seas, including their area, average depth, and deepest point. It has over 17,500 species, including sharks, manatees, sea turtles, and humpback whales. The Caribbean has fewer hurricanes than either the western Pacific (where these storms are called typhoons) or the Gulf of Mexico. The NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer is the only federally funded US ship assigned to systematically explore our largely unknown ocean for the purpose of discovery and the advancement of knowledge. The Caribbean Sea had been unknown to the populations of Eurasia until 1492, when Christopher Columbus sailed into Caribbean waters on a quest to find a sea route to Asia. While the Southern. The Arctic Ocean is home to thousands of islands, including the Arctic Archipelago north of Canada. The sill depth of Anegada Passage is between 6,400 and 7,700 feet (1,950 and 2,350 metres), whereas that of the Windward Passage is between 5,250 and 5,350 feet (1,600 and 1,630 metres). What is The Average Depth of the Caribbean Sea? [11] The surface water (30m; 100ft) acts as an extension of the northern Atlantic as the Guiana Current and part of the North Equatorial Current enter the sea on the east. There are 90 species of mammals in the Caribbean including sperm whales, humpback whales and dolphins. These submarine basins are the Colombian Basin, Cayman Basin, Grenada Basin, Venezuela Basin, and Yucatan Basin. The tropical rainforest climates include lowland areas near the Caribbean Sea from Costa Rica north to Belize, as well as the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, while the more seasonal dry tropical savanna climates are found in Cuba, northern Venezuela, and southern Yucatn, Mexico. depth; 21ft capability; it can accomodate yachts in excess of 380ft. The emergence of these basins marked the beginning of the Atlantic Ocean and contributed to the destruction of Pangaea at the end of the late Jurassic. The coral reef in Caribbean Sea is threatened due to the increased temperature of the sea because of global warming effect. New York: Random House. How big is the ocean? The Caribbean Sea has the worlds second largest barrier reef, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. The Atlantic is home to many seas, islands, gulfs, and bays. Arid climates are found along the extreme southern coast of Venezuela out to the islands including Aruba and Curaao, as well as the northern tip of Yucatn[25]. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. The Caribbean Sea is home to 22 islands and over 1,400 species of marine mammals, fish, and coastal mangroves. Of the endemic species 48 are threatened with extinction including the Puerto Rican amazon, and the Zapata wren. During the dives, Okeanos Explorers two-body ROV system will continuously capture high-definition video, which the ship will transmit to the Office of Ocean Exploration and Researchs website, www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov, where anyone can follow along in near-real time. On average around nine tropical storms form each year, with five reaching hurricane strength. The Caribbean Beaches are without a doubt among the best in the world. The Atlantic Ocean is important to the world's weather (as are all oceans) because strong Atlantic hurricanes often develop off the coast of Cape Verde, Africa and move toward the Caribbean Sea . It covers about 1/3 of the Earth. The majority of our planet's surface is covered in water! Two years later, they revisited the research and found a new shrimp species. The Sea is also home to numerous coral reefs, including the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, which is the 2nd largest barrier reef in the world that runs for about 1,000km along the coasts of the countries of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. The average depth of the Caribbean Sea is approximately 7,220 feet. The Mona ground iguana which inhabits the island of Mona, Puerto Rico, is endangered. The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000km2 (1,063,000sqmi). Deepest Point: Sunda Trench (23,920 feet). website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Deepest Point: Milwaukee Deep (27,493 feet). Its deepest point is the Sunda Trench, descending to approximately 7,290 m. With an average temperature of 77F, the Indian Ocean takes the lead as the warmest ocean in the world. Following the discovery of the islands by Columbus, the area was quickly colonised by several Western The Nicaraguan Rise, a wide triangular ridge with a sill depth of about 4,000 feet (1,200 metres), extends from Honduras and Nicaragua to Hispaniola, bearing the island of Jamaica and separating the Cayman Basin from the Colombian Basin. [30] The Golden coqui is in serious threat of extinction. The Mediterranean is home to over 17,000 marine species, including 712 species of fish. The nations that surround the Caribbean Sea are also prone to tropical cyclones and the Caribbean hurricane season lasts from June to November, with most of the hurricanes occurring between August and September. It is estimated that 13 thousand species of plants grow in the Caribbean of which 6.5 thousand are endemic. That makes this point one of the lowest points on the surface of the Earth, and the Caribbean Sea is the deepest sea (excluding oceans) in the world. Live video from a 2013 expedition to deep-sea canyons off the northeast Atlantic coast of the U.S. garnered more than 875,000 views, he said. This Caribbean bottom water also enters the Venezuelan Basin, thus introducing high-oxygen water at depths of 5,900 to 9,800 feet (1,800 to 3,000 metres). The project is estimated to prevent and remove at least 15 000 tonnes of marine trash, benefiting at least 20 000 individuals.[20]. The findings indicate that heavy metals such as mercury, arsenic, and lead, have been identified in the coastal zone of the Caribbean Sea. The region is mostly dominated by tropical vegetation and comprises more than 13,000 plant species of which 6,500 plant species are endemic to the region. It runs 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) along the coasts of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras. The Caribbean Sea is one of the largest seas and has an area of about 2,754,000 square kilometers (1,063,000 square miles). These sills are located below the Anegada Passage, which runs between the Virgin Islands and the Lesser Antilles, and the Windward Passage, which stretches between Cuba and Hispaniola. In the tropical waters of the Caribbean Sea the average temperature is 27C (81F) and it varies no more than 3C. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Water covers about 71% of the Earth. Upper sedimentary layers relate to the period from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic (250million years ago to present) and the lower layers from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic. The Earths surface comprises about 71% water, with continents and islands covering the remaining part. Terms & Conditions. The Caribbean Sea is nowhere near being the largest sea in the world, but it is still very deep! They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. According to the National Hurricane Center 385 hurricanes occurred in the Caribbean between 1494 and 1900. The Caribbean's floor is composed of sub-oceanic sediments of deep red clay in the deep basins and troughs. The Cayman Basin, to the south, is partially separated from the Yucatn Basin by Cayman Ridge, an incomplete fingerlike ridge that extends from the southern part of Cuba toward Guatemala, rising above the surface at one point to form the Cayman Islands. The remainder is the surface water that passed over the Antillean arc at depths of less than 2,600 feet (800 metres). Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.. Beginning April 10, scientists aboard NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer will begin a series of 20 dives to investigate previously unseen depths of the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean and the public can follow along online. Over 42% of corals are completely bleached, and 95% are experiencing some type of whitening. Three phases of sedimentation have been identified. Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) v.1. The principal ocean current is the North Equatorial Current, which enters the region from the tropical Atlantic. Rainfall varies with elevation, size, and water currents (cool upwelling keep the ABC islands arid). Turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) is common in the Caribbean as is manatee grass (Syringodium filiforme) which can grow together as well as in fields of single species at depths up to 20m (66ft). Its home to over 1,769 species, including whales, sharks, sardines, tuna, sea turtles, and wahoo. The climate of the area is tropical, varying from tropical rainforest in some areas to tropical savanna in others. The expedition team also relied on these maps to determine where the ROV dives will take place. Situated on the floor of the western Caribbean Sea between the Jamaica and Cayman Islands is the Cayman Trench (Bartlett Deep), which reaches a depth of 7,686m below the sea level and is the deepest point of the Caribbean Sea. coral caribbean photos. In the Caribbean, 600 species of birds have been recorded, of which 163 are endemic such as todies, Fernandina's flicker and palmchat. You can find many types of corals in the Caribbean Sea, like the great star coral, mustard hill coral, and massive starlet coral. The project "Sustainable finance methods for marine preservation in the Caribbean" will assist remove solid waste and keep it out of the marine and coastal environment by establishing a new facility under the Caribbean Biodiversity Fund (CBF). Seafloor Depth Data from: August 2008 National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA The depth of the ocean floor varies widely, from large shallow coastal areas full of sun and life to the darkness of. The island of Jamaica is home to seals and manatees. Treaty on maritime boundaries between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Caribbean Sea and Pacific Ocean), . Antigua Yacht Club Marina depth; can accomodate yachts with draft in excess of 25ft. Other floral species that are found in the Caribbean region include mahogany, caimito, coconut palms, and mangroves. This arc was formed by the collision of the South American Plate with the Caribbean Plate and includes active and extinct volcanoes such as Mount Pelee, the Quill (volcano) on Sint Eustatius in the Caribbean Netherlands and Morne Trois Pitons on Dominica. Climate change, pollution, fishing, and hunting have affected the fragile ecosystem of the Antarctic Ocean. km, the Caribbean Sea is bordered by the countries of Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela in the south; by Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula in the west; by the Greater Antilles islands in the north; and by the Lesser Antilles islands in the east. The sea is one of the largest oil production areas in the world, producing approximately 170 million tons per year. As part of the Central American Sea, it is presumed to have been connected with the Mediterranean during Paleozoic times (i.e., about 541 to 252 million years ago) and then gradually to have separated from it as the Atlantic Ocean was formed. The area is so deep; that the temperatures reach near freezing levels. The two largest islands, in both area and population, are Sicily and Sardinia . The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The geologic age of the Caribbean is not known with certainty. Deepest Point: Bougainville (29,986 feet). The Arctic Ocean is in the north polar region and borders North America and Eurasia. Public can watch seafloor discoveries live online from April 10 to 30, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The northernmost of these, the Yucatn Basin, is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by the Yucatn Channel, which runs between Cuba and the Yucatn Peninsula and has a sill depth (i.e., the depth of the submarine ridge between basins) of about 5,250 feet (1,600 metres). In the deep Caribbean Sea are multiple animals with limited vision and glow-in-the-dark scales. For example, guaiac wood (Guaiacum officinale), the flower of which is the national flower of Jamaica and the Bayahibe rose (Pereskia quisqueyana) which is the national flower of the Dominican Republic and the ceiba which is the national tree of both Puerto Rico and Guatemala. This puts its vulnerable ecosystem at risk, including people living nearby. Tropical cyclones are a threat to the nations that rim the Caribbean Sea. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Caribbean Sea as follows:[5], Note that, although Barbados is an island on the same continental shelf, it is considered to be in the Atlantic Ocean rather than the Caribbean Sea.[6]. The Caribbean Sea is also considered to be home to a large fishing industry. While the Caribbean Sea may sound never-ending, there is a maximum depth. We dont know exactly what we can expect to see, said Lt. Brian Kennedy, the expeditions coordinator and a member of NOAAs Commissioned Officers Corps. Geologists say the Coral Sea began forming 48-58 million years ago. It's Possible", Status of coral reefs in the Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean, Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (SPAW), Analysis of Contaminants in the Caribbean Sea over the last 150 years, "Pollution in the Mediterranean | UNEPMAP", "Over 200,000 tonnes of plastic leaking into the Mediterranean each year IUCN report", "Marine Pollution Threatens the Caribbean Sea", "NASA NASA Satellites Record a Month for the Hurricane History Books", "Caribbean Sea Turtles Close to Extinction", Historic Caribbean Sea Turtle Population falls 99%. Let us know. [31] The black-fronted piping guan is endangered. The Cayman Basin is in turn separated from the Colombian Basin by the Nicaraguan Rise. Caribbean, followed by Hispaniola and Jamaica. Previous Okeanos Explorer expeditions have come across unknown species, recorded known animals exhibiting never-before-seen behaviors and sighted live animals previously only observed as lifeless specimens, Kennedy said.Because of these characteristics, the area was identified by members of the ocean science community as important to explore, and data from the expedition will likely have long-lasting implications for scientists and resource managers in the Caribbean. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. During the first century of European colonization, Spanish dominance in the region remained undisputed. The Arabian Sea is part of the northern Indian Ocean and sits between the Arabian Peninsula, India, the Gulf of Oman, Pakistan, and Iran. Warm, moist trade winds blow consistently from the east, creating both rainforest and semi-arid climates across the region. Together with the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea has been erroneously termed the American Mediterranean, owing to the fact that, like the Mediterranean Sea, it is located between two continental landmasses. Its average depth is 1,038 m, with Molloy Deep (its deepest point) descending to about 5,550 m. The Arctic Ocean formed during the Cretaceous Period, about 145-65 million years ago. But how deep is the Caribbean Sea, and what mysterious creatures lurk there? [28] Their populations have been greatly reduced since the 17th century the number of green turtles has declined from 91million to 300,000 and hawksbill turtles from 11million to less than 30,000 by 2006.[29]. The average depth of the Atlantic is 3,646 m, with the deepest part being Milwaukee Deep, which descends to around 8,380 m. The Atlantic Ocean derives its name from Greek mythologys Sea of Atlas. Its roughly 135 million years old, having formed during the Cretaceous period. During dives that are expected to go as deep as 3.7 miles, a sophisticated unmanned submarine, called a remotely operated vehicle, or ROV, will broadcast live video from the seafloor, allowing anyone with Internet access to watch the expedition as it unfolds. It is estimated that the geological age of the Caribbean Sea is between 160 and 180 million years, and was formed during the Mesozoic Era when a horizontal fracture led to the split of the supercontinent of Pangea. Since there are multiple large coral reefs in the Caribbean Sea, it is no surprise that marine life is so diverse! The existing sediment cover of the seabed consists of red clay in the deep basins and trenches, globigerina ooze (a calcareous marine deposit) on the rises, and pteropod ooze on the ridges and continental slopes. Analysis of toxic metals and hydrocarbons is based on the investigation of coastal sediments that have accumulated less than 50 meters deep during the last hundred and fifty years. The Central American Sea apparently became separated from the Atlantic before the end of the first phase. See also: Types of Ocean Storms Ways to Save the Ocean Overfishing in the Ocean List of Marine Invertebrates 2. The Caribbean Sea is connected with the Gulf of Mexico in the north via the Yucatan Channel. 4. Solenodons and hutias are mammals found only in the Caribbean; only one extant species is not endangered. The Cayman Trough, located between Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, is the sea's deepest point. Leeward side of lagoons provide areas of growth for sea grasses. The Caribbean coastline has many gulfs and bays: the Gulf of Gonve, Gulf of Venezuela, Gulf of Darin, Golfo de los Mosquitos, Gulf of Paria and Gulf of Honduras. After Christopher Columbus landed in the Bahamas in 1492, the Spanish term Antillas applied to the lands; stemming from this, Sea of the Antilles became a common alternative name for "Caribbean Sea" in various European languages. Subsurface water enters the Caribbean Sea across two sills. Parrots and bananaquits are found in forests. He also traveled to the deepest point in the world, Marianas trench. Islands are inhabited by some endemic species such as rock iguanas and American crocodile. The average depth is about 2,200 meters (7,220 feet) below the seas surface. The salinity of the Caribbean Sea is about 3.6%. [14] Historically the Caribbean is thought to contain 14% of the world's coral reefs. Subantarctic intermediate water (i.e., water differing in several characteristics from the surface and bottom layers of water that it separates) enters the Caribbean below the Anegada Passage at depths of 1,600 to 3,300 feet (500 to 1,000 metres). The dreaded Bermuda Triangle (the Devils Triangle) lies in this ocean. On the western side of the sea, the trade winds influence a northerly current which causes an upwelling and a rich fishery near Yucatn.[12]. On continental slopes and ridges calcareous silts are found. It is a unique sea with lots of wildlife, over 7,000 islands, and thousands of miles of coral reefs. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Antillean-Caribbean Sea. The name Caribbean has been derived from Caribs, a Native American group of indigenous people that lived in the region during the late 15th century. Deepest Point: Factorian Deep (24389 feet). Bodies of water all over North America are drying up due to drought. The basins are connected by the submerged Aruba Gap at depths greater than 13,000 feet (4,000 metres). The Caribbean Sea has a diverse and rich ecosystem. The project results were presented in Vienna in the forum "Water Matters", and the 2011 General Conference of said multilateral organization. About 500 reptiles are found in the Caribbean including the blue iguana, rhinoceros iguana, Mona ground iguana, green turtle, loggerhead turtle, Atlantic ridley turtle, leatherback turtle, etc. Despite the vast ice in the Arctic Ocean, you can find over 5,500 animal species adapted to the cold habitats. Following the discovery of the islands by Columbus, the area was quickly colonized by several Western cultures (initially Spain, then later England, the Dutch Republic, France, Courland and Denmark). In the Caribbean Sea there are around 1,000 documented species of fish, including sharks (bull shark, tiger shark, silky shark and Caribbean reef shark), flying fish, giant oceanic manta ray, angel fish, spotfin butterflyfish, parrotfish, Atlantic Goliath grouper, tarpon and moray eels. How Deep Can We Go? Tourist attractions of the region are those generally associated with a maritime tropical climate: Scuba diving and snorkeling on coral reefs, cruises, sailing, and game fishing at sea. The Indian Ocean is home to several islands, including Madagascar (4th largest island globally). Sea level rise seen along the U.S. Southeast and Gulf coasts over the last decade are "unprecedented in at least 120 years," scientists found. After the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492, the Spanish term Antillas applied to the lands; stemming from this, Sea of the Antilles became a common alternative name for Caribbean Sea in various European languages. This ocean is relatively calm and offers significant sea routes for transporting materials such as oil, rice, sugar, and silk. There are 500 species of reptiles. In coastal zones there are coconut palms and in lagoons and estuaries are found thick areas of black mangrove and red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle). 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